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直接引语是感叹句时

间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。直接引语变间接引语的用法

She said, 'What a lovely day it is !'

→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.

如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：

（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时

（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时

（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时

（4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时

（5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时

（6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时

[注意]

（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：

The teacher said 'The earth goes round the sun.'

→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：

He said to me, 'I was born in 1973.'

→He told me that he was born in 1973.

(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：

He said, 'I'm a boy, not a girl.'

→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.

(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：

The girl said, 'I get up at six every morning.'

→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.

(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：

He said to me, 'I have taught English since he came here .'

→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.

(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：

The teacher said to me . 'You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.'

→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.

He said , 'I could swim when I was only six .'

→He said that he could swim when he was only six.

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not until/until两者皆可接延续性动词和暂短性动词.

一、not...until指的是“直到...才”的意思,如 I did not go home until my mother called me.

我直到我妈妈打电话给我才回家.

not until的倒装与强调结构

1.当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装.其结构为:Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+.如:

①Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话.

②Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才开运动会.

2. not until的强调结构为:It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+.

上面两句改为强调句为:

③It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.

④It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.

直到我结婚的时候,我才有钱买了自己的房子.

It was not until I got married that I could afford to buy a house of my own.

而until指“直到”.例如：

Go alone the street until you see the traffic light.

往前走,直到你看见交通灯.

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